IDA B. WELLS - BOOKS, MONUMENTS, & MORE

IDA B. WELLS - BOOKS, MONUMENTS, & more

8/3/2022

Ida B. Wells-Barnett's life embodied "the power of the pen." In honor of her 160th birthday (July 16, 1862) we feel it's appropriate to review her literary contributions, significant landmarks in her life and the influence her work has on our lives today.

Best Books on Ida B. Wells in my opinion must begin with her own words. Thankfully her family has preserved diaries, her autobiography, and her own articles in spite of the most egregious racist attack that destroyed her Free Speech newspaper in 1892. I highly recommend to start with her own voice and go from there. Afriware Books was honored to host an author interview with Ida B. Wells' great grand daughter Michelle Duster this year on Youtube. She indicated a plethora of projects that specifically pay tribute to this legend.

Ida B. Wells, Reading List

Titles for Adults

Children's/ Young Adult Titles

Ida B. Wells-Barnett Titles

Review of her Life

Let's start with a quick review of her life. Ida B. Wells was born in Holly Springs, Mississippi, in 1856 to parents who were enslaved. She demonstrated early on her leadership and courage when she decided at the age of 16 to raise her five siblings after learning that both of her parents died from the Yellow Fever epidemic. She lowered the length of her skirt to look older so she could get a job as a teacher. It is amazing that she had the presence of mind and strength of character to take on this challenging task while grieving the death of her parents.

Well's education included attending Rust College in Holly Springs, Mississippi, and, Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee.

Ida B. Wells was an investigative journalist and advocate for justice. She wrote editorials, articles, and pamphlets that exposed the injustices of racism in the South. Her writing was so powerful and persuasive that it angered former slave holders around the country.

In 1892, Wells' gained a clarity of her life's purpose when a heinous crime hit close to home. Three black male grocery store owners were lynched by white men who accused them of selling beer and running an illegal business. Wells was an established writer at this point and critiqued the Memphis Education system, in her newspaper she co-owned called, "The Free Speech." When she learned about this story, however, it touched her deeply. She knew the victims personally. They were friends of hers.

Wells was furious about the murder of her friends and that the city's white population seemed to condone the perpetrators actions since noone was ever brought to justice about it. She began writing articles about this story in an attempt to raise awareness about lynching in America and its devastating effects on Black people. The articles also discussed how lynchings could happen anywhere and to any Black person without due process—even in a small town like Memphis, where Wells lived at the time. Wells put her extensive journalistic research skills to use and wrote about how Black men were unjustifiably and excessively charged with sexual violence against white women. Facts and figures were her guide to exposing the truth. She risked her life to obtain interviews from eyewitnesses to draw attention and shame to the barbaric behavior happening in the South and beyond.

Wells’ newspaper articles about lynching angered white Southerners because their violent practices were exposed as lawless acts of hate against Black people. As a result, she suffered threats on her life and had to flee Memphis, Tennessee with her family. The article that raised the death threats to a fever pitch called into question the reputation of white women. That article, and the accompanying lecture around it can be found in the important book of Wells' writing called "The Light of Truth." When the article began to circulate like wild fire around town, it led a white mob to burn and destroy her newspaper's office in Memphis. The press also publicly threatened her with bodily harm if she returned to the city, in retaliation for its publication.

Wells focuses on the True Reason Why Lynchings Occured

Power. When Black people began to establish more control over their livelihood, it threatened the status quo whites had on wealth and power. Wells' articles pointed out the parasitic relationship between white businessmen and Black patrons. Blacks were treated badly in their businesses yet white business owners still wanted their/our money. Wells exposed this and encouraged Blacks to leave town to take their money elsewhere. There's an excellent documentary called, "Ida B. Wells: A Passion for Justice" that explains the important role that Wells played in being a key catalyst to the sequence of events that led to the so called "great migration" from the South.

Sharing her thoughts on this analysis on a continuous basis caused over 6,000 black people to leave the South for better circumstances. She said in "The Light of Truth - Writings of an Anti-Lynching Crusader,"

"...no matter what the attainments, character or standing of an Afro-American, the laws of the South will not protect him against a white man."

"The Free Speech... advised the people to leave a community whose laws did not protect them..."

After this pronouncement, Wells goes on to say in her searing speech called, "Lynch Law in all its Phases" that "in two months, six thousand persons had left the city and every branch of business..." This speech appeared as an article in a Boston magazine called "Our Day."

I will not see the phrase "great migration" the same again after learning about the important role she played in pointing out that white businessmen created an environment of violence and fear that left Black people with little choice but to leave. She highlighted the fact that the money they were pumping into the economy should be moved elsewhere. This is not "migration" which seems as if the choices are solely based on wanting a change of scenery. To me it is more like explaining the difference between an "indentured servant" and someone who was "enslaved." When using the word, "enslaved", the "involuntary" part of the definition is placed front and center which at least gives a clue that violence was a part of the equation. It gives better voice to the fact that the condition was not agreed upon by both parties. It is not a natural state like the phrase, "born a slave." No, "migration" is a word that is too clean and sanitized. "Exile" is the pen name Wells used when continuing to write in the "New York Age" newspaper, and it is fitting to use in place of the word "migration."

"...I was convinced that the Southerner had never gotten over this resentment that the Negro was no longer his plaything, his servant, and his source of income."
- "Crusade for Justice," the Autobiography of Ida B.Wells

After racist attacks destroyed her newspaper office, Wells did not return to Memphis because prominent newspapers put a price on her head. They printed a threat for whoever had printed the article to be "tied to a stake" and branded. She ended up staying in New York and writing for papers from there. She also traveled to England to tell everyone who would listen about these heinous acts against humanity. Soon after, she married and moved to Chicago.

Ida B. Wells - A place to begin Reading

Though choosing one book to start with among this list is a challenge, I must start with two powerhouses: 1. "Crusade for Justice the Autobiography of Ida B. Wells," and, 2. "The Light of Truth - Writings of an Anti-Lynching Crusader - Ida B. Wells." "Crusade for Justice" gives her reflections of the highlights of her life in her own voice. It is most intriguing to read her thought process about issues of the day; her personality comes through and the sharpness of her mind. Her daughter, Alfreda Duster wrote one of the introductions that provides additional insights in the 16 pages she penned.

I choose "The Light of Truth" because it is closest to preservation as primary resource of archiving the thoughts she shared. In this day and age of book bans, it represents what has happened in the past as a result. I say this because right now, if you read the Tennessee Encyclopedia's website it says, "No copy of the Free Speech survives." Nestled inside "The Light of Truth" is a statement that says,

"..it is the only surviving document that preserves the full text of any of the anti-lynching lectures that Wells delivered in the early 1890's."

And when you read it, it is fire and brimstone of words that are a stellar model for truth telling and serve as inspiration to NEVER ALLOW book bans to prevail at all costs. When the white mob destroyed her newspaper, this was an attempt to silence her voice. Silence is censorship. When the public is ignorant of atrocities, they are able to continue as if approved of. Wells believed that exposure to and explanation of the truth to listening ears would destroy the evil that was running rampant in the South.

Her grit, determination and courage in spite of death threats and destruction of her newspaper are sure to inspire those of all ages to speak their truth. Her writing has catapulted me to delve deeper into the economic impacts to the white business men from her call for Black people to leave a place whose "laws would not protect them." There are so many layers to the stories of our ancestors. When we better understand the connections and social impacts of our history, it becomes a more engaging entity that sparks new interest.

Ida B. Wells was even-handed in her critiques. There were times when she lamented the "negro preachers" who would not participate in one of her protests against the government. When Blacks didn't attend another protest she had in court, she said, they "forgot themselves." She even criticized herself and changed her stance on the Black response to "Negro Day" at "World's Columbian Exposition" in 1893 held in Chicago.

“The appeal to the white man's pocket has ever been more effectual than all the appeals ever made to his conscience.”
-"Southern Horrors" - Ida B. Wells

Ida B. Wells home, designated an historical landmark , Oct. 2, 1995. Located: 3624 S Martin Luther King Dr, Chicago, IL 60616. Photo: Nzingha Nommo

One of the panels on The Light of Truth Ida B. Wells National Monument 3624 S Martin Luther King Dr, Chicago, IL 60616. Sculptor: Richard Hunt. Photo: Nzingha Nommo

Ida B. Wells Family

We recently interviewed Ida B. Wells' great granddaughter who resides in Chicago on Youtube called "Ida B. Wells' Monuments & Markers. Great Granddaughter Michelle Duster speaks on her legacy." The monuments and projects she has championed were visited by the author of this post and reported on in a video shared on Tiktok. Ida B. Wells' grandson Dr. Troy Duster is an author, preeminent sociologist with over 100 books and articles to his name. One of the books he contributed to is called, "Whitewashing Race: The Myth of a Color-Blind Society". Ida B. Wells and her family have left volumes to study and research.

Alas there is so much more to her life that I'm hoping you've become intrigued to do further research on. For example, did you know:

Wells and Frederick Douglass were friends?
Wells was critical of "Birth of a Nation" when it first came out?
She knew Harriet Tubman?
Marcus Garvey asked her to speak at one of the UNIA conventions?

Want to Learn More?

As always, I appreciate that you have read through this blog post. I hope that you’ve become curious to read more books about Ida B. Wells. We also wrote another blog post which highlights Ida B. Wells and other powerful Black women entitled, "8 Black Women in History - Chicago Edition." We ask that you consider purchasing your books from our Black owned bookstore, Afriware Books, Co. If there is a title you’d like to purchase that is not mentioned here, or could not be found on the website, feel free to email us at: afriwarebooks@afriwarebooks.com